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__The Golden Notebook -__ Is compared to the works written by the ficticious character Elizabeth Costello as pathbreaking feminist fiction. It is an //actual// novel, published in 1962 and written by Doris Lessing. The novel contains powerful anti-war messages, an analysis of communism, and most notably an examination of the liberation of sex and womens' rights. The reference to The Golden Notebook characterizes Elizabeth Costello as a feminist, and an extremely succesful woman.  __The Story of Christa T -__ Is a ficticious novel used as a comparison to the works of Elizabeth Costello. It too is noted as pathbreaking feminist fiction.

hobbyhorse - The term hobbyhorse can mean to "ride ones hobby-horse" meaning to "follow ones pastime". In this situation, Elizabeth Costello is not giving a lecture about her novels she is instead giving a lecture about her hobby, animal rights.

Page 17 Johns Hopkins - Johns Hopkins is a real university where the fictitious characters Norma and John met during their postgraduate years of studying.

jejune - **Jejune** means that something is devoid of interest and insignificant. Jejune is mentioned when Norma's opinion on Elizabeth Costello's view on animal rights is being discussed. The word is paired with 'sentimental' when discussing 'ethical relations with animals' which implies that Norma thinks that ethical relationships with animals are insignificant but also far too emotional for her to handle.

Page 18 Elaine Marx - Elaine Marx is a ficticious character who introduces Elizabeth Costello before her lecture. In the introduction, Elaine Marx doesn't mention the topic of the lecture which could indicate that she either doesn't know what it's going to be about or she is avoiding the topic of animal rights. It's also included that Marx writes about women's fiction therefore we can characterize her quite confidently as a feminist simliar to Elizabeth Costello.

fabulist - A fabulist can be defined directly as a liar, or more eloquently as a creator of tales. Elizabeth Costello refers to Franz Kafka as a 'great fabulist' indicating that he is a fiction writer.

Franz Kafka - Was a real person who Elizabeth Costello refers to in the beginning of her lecture. He was one of the most influential fiction writers of the 20th century. Elizabeth Costello compares herself to a character that Kafka wrote about, the ape Red Peter in the story "Report to an Academy". Kafka was Jewish and was often discriminated against therefore many have drawn conclusions that his character Red Peter, the clever ape might represent Kafka. The connection is drawn between the two because Red Peter is forced to perform before human beings and Kafka during his lifetime had to 'perform' before gentiles.

“Report to an Academy” - Is a short story written by Franz Kafka and was published in 1917. In the story, an ape, Red Peter, who has learned to behave like a human presents to an academy the story of how he effected his transformation. Elizabeth Costello compares herself to Red Peter in the beginning of her lecture. She clearly compares the nature of her lecture to the nature of Red Peter's lifestory - "of his ascent from beast to something approaching man." The focus of Elizabeth Costello's lecture is on the topic of Animal Rights, and therefore the reference to Report to an Academy demonstrates that she belives that because of her pro-animal rights beliefs that she has (like Red Peter) transcended from a beast to what she is now.