LiveofAnimals22

//Kat Lee (Page 22)//
**//“Saved and the damned”//** In this context Costello separates the two arguments - on whether or not it is morally correct to use animals for our benefit – into two labeled sides “the righteous and the sinners, the saved and the damned, the sheep and the goats”. By labeling these sides she is effectively portraying the side of using animals for our benefit as the ‘damned’ (or sinners), while those who do not use/eat animals are portrayed as the ‘saved’ (or righteous). **//“Sheep and the goats”//** In this context, the use of “sheep and goats” relates to the chapter of Matthew in the Bible. //M////at 25:32 And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats:// //Mat 25:33 And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left// In the Bible, Jesus is said to 'separate them from one another', to 'divideth his sheep from the goats', to separate the good from the wicked. Jesus uses this example to illustrate what judgment will be like; those who have been good to others and pleased God will go to Heaven (SHEEP) while those who haven't will be sent to hell (GOATS). Costello uses this example in her lecture to illustrate that there is a great division from right (not using animals) or wrong (using animals) and that by choosing one of these sides – whether or not to use animals - we are classifying ourselves into one of these groups (the good or evil). **//“Aristotle”//** Aristotle was a Greek Philosopher during the time of Alexander the Great. He is known as one of the most important founding figures in Western Philosophy as he was the first to create a logical system of Western Philosophy that encompassed morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics and metaphysics. In other words, Aristotle is a very important historical figure whose works continue to be the object of academic study today. **//“Porphyry”//** Porphyry on page 22 refers to, Porphyry of Tyre, a Neoplatonic philosopher. He is well known for publishing and editing the ‘Enneads’ (His teacher, Plotinus’, collection of work) and is thus very important concerning the history of philosophy. **//“Augustine”//** Saint Augustine was an Algerian Berber philosopher and theologian. He was one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity. He developed the concept that the Church was a spiritual City of God separate from the material city of Man. This thought profoundly changed and influenced the medieval worldview. **//“Aquinas”//** Saint Thomas Aquinas was an immensely influential theologian and philosopher in the tradition of scholasticism. He is the father of the Thomistic school of philosophy and theology and was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology. He had a considerable influence on Western thought. Much modern philosophy is conceived as a reaction against, or in agreement with his idea, particularly in the areas of ethic, natural law and political theory. **//“Descartes”//** Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and writer. He has been deemed the “Father of Modern Philosophy” as much of subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings. **//“Bentham”//** Jeremy Bentham was an English jurist, philosophy, and legal and social reformer. He was a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law. He is well known for his advocacy of utilitarianism as well as his opposition to the ideas of natural law and natural rights. **//“Mary Midgley”//** Mary Midgley is an English moral philosopher. She is known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights. She has written extensively about what philosophers can learn from nature and, in particular, animals. She has written many books and articles which discuss philosophical ideas. //**“Tom Regan”**// Tom Regan is an American philosopher who specializes in animal rights theory. Regan is the author of four books on the philosophy of animal rights. In these books he argues that non-human animals are 'subjects of a life', just as humans are, and that, if we want to ascribe value to all human beings (regardless of their abilities) we should similarly ascribe it to non-humans.